The Black-Scholes model is one of the most widely used ways to approximate the true price of a option.

Asset/Equity Ratio is the ratio of total assets divided by stockholders’ equity.

In shorting you sell the stocks and then buy them back when the price falls, earning you a profit.

The Moving Average Convergence-Divergence (MACD) indicator is one of the easiest and most efficient momentum indicators you can get. It was developed by Gerald Appel in the late seventies.